Educational Guide

What is DAST?

Dynamic Application Security Testing (DAST) tests running applications for security vulnerabilities by simulating attacks. Learn how it works and why it's essential.

Understanding DAST

DAST (Dynamic Application Security Testing) is a black-box testing method that examines applications while they're running. It simulates real-world attacks against your live application to find vulnerabilities that only exist at runtime.

Think of DAST as...

A simulated attacker probing your live application from the outside. It doesn't know your source code—it only sees what users see, finding vulnerabilities the same way hackers would.

How DAST Works

  1. 1

    Application Crawling

    The DAST tool crawls your application like a search engine, discovering pages, forms, APIs, and other entry points.

  2. 2

    Attack Simulation

    Sends malicious payloads to each discovered input: SQL injection strings, XSS payloads, authentication bypasses, and more.

  3. 3

    Response Analysis

    Analyzes application responses for signs of vulnerability: error messages, unexpected behavior, successful payload reflection.

  4. 4

    Verification & Reporting

    Confirms vulnerabilities are exploitable and generates reports with reproduction steps and remediation guidance.

Vulnerabilities DAST Detects

SQL Injection

Database manipulation through input fields

Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)

Script injection in rendered pages

Authentication Bypass

Accessing protected resources without proper login

Session Management Issues

Session fixation, hijacking, token issues

Security Misconfigurations

Exposed headers, verbose errors, defaults

Broken Access Control

Accessing other users' data (IDOR)

Missing Security Headers

HSTS, CSP, X-Frame-Options not set

SSL/TLS Issues

Weak ciphers, certificate problems

DAST: Benefits and Limitations

Benefits

  • Real-World Testing: Tests actual deployed application
  • Language Agnostic: Works with any technology stack
  • Fewer False Positives: Tests actual exploitability
  • Finds Runtime Issues: Config errors, deployed misconfigs
  • No Source Access Needed: Tests from outside

Limitations

  • Late Detection: App must be running to test
  • Limited Coverage: Only tests discovered paths
  • No Code Location: Can't point to vulnerable line
  • Can Be Slow: Testing all endpoints takes time
  • Auth Challenges: May struggle with complex auth

DAST vs SAST

AspectDASTSAST
Testing TypeBlack-box (running app)White-box (source code)
When UsedAfter deploymentDuring development
RequiresRunning application URLSource code access
FindsRuntime vulnerabilitiesCode-level vulnerabilities
False PositivesLess commonMore common
Remediation InfoURL/endpointExact line number

Best Practice: Use both SAST and DAST together. SAST finds issues early in the code; DAST validates the running application is secure.

Popular DAST Tools

OWASP ZAP

Open Source

Best for: Free, extensible

Burp Suite

Freemium

Best for: Manual testing

Nuclei

Open Source

Best for: Template-based

Acunetix

Commercial

Best for: Full automation

Invicti

Commercial

Best for: Enterprise scale

AppScan

Commercial

Best for: IBM integration

Frequently Asked Questions

Can DAST break my application?

DAST can potentially cause issues if it creates test data, triggers rate limits, or tests destructive endpoints. Run DAST in staging environments when possible, or use safe mode options.

How do I handle authentication in DAST scans?

Most DAST tools support recorded authentication sequences, API tokens, or session cookies. Configure authentication so the scanner can test protected functionality.

How often should I run DAST scans?

Run DAST scans after each deployment to staging/production, at minimum weekly. Include in CI/CD for continuous security validation.

Can DAST test SPAs and APIs?

Yes, but SPAs need special handling (JavaScript execution). APIs work well with DAST—provide OpenAPI/Swagger specs for better coverage.

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Last updated: January 2025