Security Guide
User-Generated Content Platforms

Security for UGC Platforms

UGC platforms accept and display content from users — text, images, files, and potentially code. Every piece of user content is a potential attack vector if not properly validated and sanitized.

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Why Security Matters for User-Generated Content Platforms

User-generated content is the #1 source of XSS vulnerabilities. When users can input text that's displayed to other users, stored XSS attacks can compromise every visitor. AI-generated code frequently renders user content without sanitization. File uploads add another dimension — malicious files can contain scripts, exploit image processing libraries, or consume excessive storage.

Security Risks

Stored XSS through user content

critical

Malicious JavaScript embedded in user posts, comments, or profiles, executing in other users' browsers.

Mitigation

Sanitize all user HTML with DOMPurify or similar. Use Content Security Policy. Never use dangerouslySetInnerHTML with user content.

Malicious file uploads

high

Users uploading executable files, oversized files, or files exploiting image processing vulnerabilities.

Mitigation

Validate file types server-side (check magic bytes, not just extension). Limit file sizes. Process images through a pipeline that strips metadata and re-encodes.

Content injection for phishing

medium

Users creating content that mimics the platform UI to phish other users.

Mitigation

Clearly distinguish user content from platform UI. Strip HTML that mimics form elements, login prompts, or platform branding.

Security Checklist

HTML sanitization on all user contentMust Have

Strip dangerous HTML tags and attributes from all user input before storage and display.

Content Security Policy headerMust Have

Restrict script execution sources as a defense-in-depth against XSS.

File upload validationMust Have

Verify file types, limit sizes, and process uploads through a sanitization pipeline.

Serve uploads from separate domainShould Have

Serve user-uploaded files from a different domain to prevent cookie theft via uploaded HTML.

Content moderation pipelineShould Have

Automated flagging of potentially harmful content with manual review queue.

Rate limiting on content creationShould Have

Prevent spam bots from flooding the platform.

Real-World Scenario

A developer builds a recipe sharing site using Windsurf. Users can post recipes with rich text descriptions. The AI-generated code uses v-html in Vue to render formatted recipe text. An attacker posts a "recipe" containing a script that sends every visitor's session cookie to their server. Within a day, hundreds of accounts are compromised.

Frequently Asked Questions

What's the safest way to render user content?

Use Markdown instead of HTML. Libraries like react-markdown render Markdown safely without XSS risk. If you must allow HTML, use DOMPurify with a strict allowlist of safe tags and attributes.

How do I validate file uploads securely?

Don't trust file extensions. Read the file's magic bytes to verify the actual type. Limit file sizes. For images, re-encode them (this strips embedded scripts). Serve uploads from a separate domain or CDN.

Do I need content moderation?

If users can post content visible to other users, yes. At minimum, implement automated flagging for common patterns and a report button. Manual review for flagged content. Without moderation, your platform will be used for spam and abuse.

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