Security Analysis

Is Vercel Safe?

Last updated: January 12, 2026

An honest security analysis of Vercel for developers considering it for their projects.

Quick Answer

Safe - enterprise infrastructure, configure headers manually

Vercel is enterprise-grade safe with SOC 2 Type II, automatic HTTPS, and DDoS protection. Main risks: preview deployments can expose staging data, and you must configure security headers manually in vercel.json. Built by the Next.js team with strong security defaults.

Security Assessment

Security Strengths

  • SOC 2 Type II compliant with enterprise audit controls
  • Edge Network with automatic DDoS protection and WAF options
  • Environment variables encrypted at rest and scoped per environment
  • Built by Next.js team - deep integration with framework security features
  • Deployment Protection prevents unauthorized access to preview/production

Security Concerns

  • Preview deployments are public by default - may expose staging data
  • Security headers must be manually added in vercel.json
  • Environment variables exposed to Edge/Serverless Functions need NEXT_PUBLIC_ prefix to stay hidden
  • Free tier has limited DDoS protection compared to Enterprise
  • Serverless Function timeout attacks possible without proper rate limiting

Security Checklist for Vercel

  • 1
    Enable Deployment Protection: Project Settings → General → Deployment Protection
  • 2
    Add security headers in vercel.json: CSP, X-Frame-Options, X-Content-Type-Options
  • 3
    Scope env vars: Production/Preview/Development - don't expose prod secrets to previews
  • 4
    Never prefix sensitive env vars with NEXT_PUBLIC_ (makes them client-visible)
  • 5
    Configure Web Application Firewall (WAF) on Enterprise for advanced protection
  • 6
    Use Vercel's deployment audit log to track who deployed what

The Verdict

Vercel is built for production with enterprise security infrastructure. The main gotchas are preview deployment exposure and missing security headers. Add headers in vercel.json and enable Deployment Protection. For high-security needs, Enterprise WAF and advanced DDoS protection are available.

Security Research & Industry Data

Understanding Vercel security in the context of broader industry trends and research.

10.3%

of Lovable applications (170 out of 1,645) had exposed user data in the CVE-2025-48757 incident

Source: CVE-2025-48757 security advisory

4.45 million USD

average cost of a data breach in 2023

Source: IBM Cost of a Data Breach Report 2023

500,000+

developers using vibe coding platforms like Lovable, Bolt, and Replit

Source: Combined platform statistics 2024-2025

What Security Experts Say

Vibe coding your way to a production codebase is clearly risky. Most of the work we do as software engineers involves evolving existing systems, where the quality and understandability of the underlying code is crucial.

Simon WillisonSecurity Researcher, Django Co-creator

The problem with AI-generated code isn't that it doesn't work - it's that it works just well enough to ship, but contains subtle security flaws that are hard to spot.

Security Research CommunityCollective wisdom from security researchers

Frequently Asked Questions

Are Vercel preview deployments secure?

Preview deployments are public by default - anyone with the URL can access them. Enable Deployment Protection in project settings to require authentication. Be careful not to expose staging data or preview-only environment variables.

How do I add security headers on Vercel?

Add a 'headers' array in vercel.json with your CSP, X-Frame-Options, HSTS, and other headers. Vercel doesn't add these by default. Example: {"headers": [{"source": "/(.*)", "headers": [{"key": "X-Frame-Options", "value": "DENY"}]}]}

Is Vercel safe for enterprise/production apps?

Yes. Vercel is SOC 2 Type II compliant with enterprise options including WAF, advanced DDoS protection, and SAML SSO. Companies like Washington Post, Nintendo, and Tripadvisor use Vercel for production. Configure security headers and deployment protection.

How do Vercel environment variables work?

Vercel encrypts env vars at rest and lets you scope them to Production/Preview/Development. Never prefix secrets with NEXT_PUBLIC_ - that makes them visible in client JavaScript. Use Edge Config or Vercel KV for runtime secrets that shouldn't be in env vars.

Verify Your Vercel App Security

Don't guess - scan your app and know for certain. VAS checks for all the common security issues in Vercel applications.